PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.